Reduced data redundancy: One goal of databases is to reduce data redundancy. Data redundancy refers to the duplication of data in different tables. If data on students is maintained in two or three different databases in the college then for one change, say in a student’s mobile phone number, all the databases have to be changed. Reduced data redundancy ensures that minimal storage is used for the data. With the rapid increase in data over time, conserving space is an important management challenge.